Explain why a worked step makes sense rather than merely inspecting it.
Limited evidenceSupporting studies exist, but they are few and conditions matter.
Example
Editorial example: explain in one sentence why a recommended plan fits given requirements.
Why it works
Chi and colleagues examine students’ explanations while studying physics examples and their subsequent problem solving, linking principles with procedural steps.
On the web
Offer optional reflection after important decisions. Assess transfer rather than explanation length.
When it backfires
This study of learning processes does not justify mandatory essays. Consider language burden and sensitive reflections.
Sources
Examines self-explanations during physics study in relation to understanding and later problem solving.
Chi, M. T. H., et al. (1989). Self-Explanations: How Students Study and Use Examples in Learning to Solve Problems. Cognitive Science, 13, 145–182. Open source